An ontological representation of a taxonomy for cybercrime

The modern phenomenon of cybercrime raises issues and challenges on a scale that has few precedents. A particular central concern is that of establishing clarity about the conceptualization of cybercrime and its growing economic cost to society. A further related concern is focused on developing appropriate legal and policy responses in a context where crime transcends national jurisdictions and physical boundaries. Both are predicated on a better understanding of cybercrime. Efforts at defining and classifying cybercrime by the use of taxonomies to date have largely been descriptive with resulting ambiguities. This paper contributes a semi-formal approach to the development of a taxonomy for cybercrime and offers the conceptual language and accompanying constraints with which to describe cybercrime examples. The approach uses the ontology development platform, Protégé and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to present an initial taxonomy for cybercrime that goes beyond the descriptive accounts previously offered. The taxonomy is illustrated with examples of cybercrimes both documented in the Protégé toolset and also using UML

Child care career patterns : an exploration of the experiences of black and white children

The focus of this thesis is on the care career patterns of black children. Empirical findings of the research are analysed in the light of existing literature. Particular attention is directed towards the decision-making role of field social workers. The study examined the perceptions of the principal individuals associated with the care process (namely field social workers, natural parents and children). A cohort group of 564 children were found to be in the care of Wenford Social Services Department (294 black and 270 white) . The care careers of these children were explored. A follow-up study conducted six months after the initial inquiry was part of this process. Also, a sub-group of 80 children (who had been admitted into care within the previous six months) were examined in depth. Here, interviews with the principal individuals were conducted to gain their perception of the situation. Both the cohort and the sub-group included children of all ages and all legal routes of entry. In the sub-group, restrictive criterion liable to bias results was applied in that only children who had been admitted into care in the previous six months were selected The study attempted to analyse the similarities and differences in the treatment of black and white children in the public care system. Results shed new light on the situation of black children and suggest that due to individual and institutional racism within the personal social services, black families and children receive a poor service

Race, diversity and criminal justice in Canada:a view from the UK

ABSTRACT This article examines the way in which those employed in the Canadia

Youth justice in the digital age: a case study of practitioners' perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of social technology in their Techno-Habitat in the United Kingdom

This article draws on original, empirical research that focused on the use of an experimental mobile application developed by the authors and used in the domain of youth justice in England. Against a backdrop of the theory of the paradox of technology with ideas of the networked self and child rights, the article explores the use of social technology with vulnerable/marginalised young people. Given the dearth in knowledge and understanding, in this area of social technology and young people in conflict with the law, the article focuses on an important, original and fast-developing issue in contemporary youth justice. Principally, the article explores the experiences and views of practitioners to promote a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges in the adoption of social technology in working with marginalised young people. Practitioner perceptions on the use of social technology in their own practice and its associated risks and benefits are also revealed. Study findings indicate that digital opportunities and challenges are embedded in organisational and cultural structures and practices. The article discusses implications for youth justice and ultimately for young people in conflict with the law who are caught up in the system. The article raises important issues about the likely increasing use of technology as a tool in rehabilitation and desistance; and its key messages will be of considerable interest to practitioners, managers and policy-makers who will have little option, as time goes on, to enter this controversial field

Examining the interaction between fourth estate and Twitter: an exploratory case study

The pervasiveness of social media has resulted in increased public involvement in key discussions about social issues, as well as creating greater affordances for individual expression and collective mobilisation. In December 2012, the rape and murder of a 23-year-old Indian student in New Delhi, India, was followed by widespread condemnation and public action organised and coordinated through social media (Barn 2013). In March 2015, a controversial BBC documentary, “India’s Daughter”, about the incident was broadcast despite restrictions imposed by the Indian Government. This paper explores the interplay between mainstream media (the so-called Fourth Estate) and Twitter through a case study analysis using computational techniques to analyse 250000 tweets collated following the broadcast of the documentary. In particular, we apply the theory of postcolonialism to understand the dynamics of this interaction. Issues around implications for conducting inter-disciplinary social media research are also discussed